Muammar al-Qaddafi

Iran and the Hidden Cost of Wartime Access

Iraq: Post-conflict Stabilization Redux

Trump's administration initially called for Iranian regime change after targeting leadership but retreated from this goal, mistakenly believing new IRGC-led Iranian leaders are moderate when they remain hardline, requiring instead sustained pressure through limited sanctions relief.

The US and Iran may reach a compromise. A sensible agreement is still possible between Washington and Tehran.

Following the 2011 U.S.-backed intervention that toppled Libya's leader, over a decade of political divisions and security crises have destabilized the nation; despite a 2020 ceasefire reducing humanitarian needs from 1.3 million to 300,000 people, rival factions continue blocking elections and facing new challenges including economic instability and arms proliferation.