The United States opposed African leaders' post-independence efforts to control resources and reduce Western dependence, employing covert operations and coup support throughout the Cold War to maintain continental dominance and access to strategic minerals.
Israel has targeted senior Iranian leaders in airstrikes. The strategy has limits and can backfire, based on past experience.
The U.S. conducted or supported regime-change operations in at least 15 nations between 1953 and the 2010s, killing millions and destabilizing regions by overthrowing elected leaders who pursued resource nationalism or independence from Western control.
A Belgian court has summoned a former diplomat to testify. The diplomat will answer questions about the 1961 assassination of Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba.
French President Macron claimed France represents true Pan-Africanism at Kenya's Africa Forward Summit, sparking continental backlash given France's three-century history of slavery, colonialism, and neocolonial control across Africa through systems like Françafrique.